Writing clear, consistent docstrings in Python helps others understand your code’s purpose, parameters, and outputs. In this guide on how to write docstrings in Python, you’ll learn about best practices, standard formats, and common pitfalls to avoid, ensuring your documentation is accessible to users and tools alike. By the end of this tutorial, you’ll understand that: Docstrings are strings used to document your Python code and can be accessed at runtime. Python comments and docstrings have important differences. One-line and […]

Watch Now This tutorial has a related video course created by the Real Python team. Watch it together with the written tutorial to deepen your understanding: Context Managers and Using Python’s with Statement Python’s with statement allows you to manage external resources safely by using objects that support the context manager protocol. These objects automatically handle the setup and cleanup phases of common operations. By using the with statement alongside appropriate context managers, you can focus on your core logic […]

Python’s .__dict__ is a special attribute in classes and instances that acts as a namespace, mapping attribute names to their corresponding values. You can use .__dict__ to inspect, modify, add, or delete attributes dynamically, which makes it a versatile tool for metaprogramming and debugging. In this video course, you’ll learn about using .__dict__ in various contexts, including classes, instances, and functions. You’ll also explore its role in inheritance with practical examples and comparisons to other tools for manipulating attributes. By […]

Last month, Python 3.14 reached its first release candidate, pushing the interpreter past beta and onto the home stretch toward its final release on October 7. But that headline was only the start—new library releases also landed, Django celebrated its 20th birthday, and EuroPython brought the community together in Prague. What follows is a quick-read digest of everything that mattered, from core-language breakthroughs to tooling upgrades and community milestones. Feel free to skip straight to whatever interests you most. Python […]

Interactive Quiz ⋅ 5 QuestionsBy Martin Breuss Share In this quiz, you will review the key steps for installing Python on Windows, macOS, and Ubuntu Linux. You will recall what the PATH environment variable is for, and what Python distribution to choose. Note: The explanations in the questions will link back to the Windows installation lesson, but all question are kept general, so you’ll be able to answer them independent of which operating system you use. You’ll also revisit how […]

Interactive Quiz ⋅ 8 QuestionsBy Bartosz Zaczyński Share In this quiz, you’ll test your understanding of What Are Mixin Classes in Python? By working through this quiz, you’ll revisit Python mixins, how they’re used, and the benefits they offer. The quiz contains 8 questions and there is no time limit. You’ll get 1 point for each correct answer. At the end of the quiz, you’ll receive a total score. The maximum score is 100%. Good luck! Related Resources

Mixins offer a powerful way to reuse code across multiple Python classes without forcing them into a rigid inheritance hierarchy. Instead of building deep and brittle class trees, you can use mixins to share common behaviors in a modular and flexible way. Learn when and how to implement mixin classes effectively in your Python projects. By the end of this tutorial, you’ll understand that: Mixins allow you to add isolated, reusable functionalities to classes without enforcing a strict type hierarchy. […]

Interactive Quiz ⋅ 7 QuestionsBy Martin Breuss Share In this quiz, you’ll practice indefinite iteration using the Python while loop. You’ll test your knowledge of constructing basic and complex while loops, interrupting loop execution with break and continue, use the else clause with a while loop, and deal with infinite loops. The quiz contains 7 questions and there is no time limit. You’ll get 1 point for each correct answer. At the end of the quiz, you’ll receive a total […]

Interactive Quiz ⋅ 7 QuestionsBy Martin Breuss Share Do you remember how Python dictionaries work? In this quiz, you’ll revisit key concepts, such as accessing values, adding and removing entries, nesting dictionaries, and understanding valid key types. Brush up on these essentials with Using Dictionaries in Python before diving into the quiz. The quiz contains 7 questions and there is no time limit. You’ll get 1 point for each correct answer. At the end of the quiz, you’ll receive a […]

Python 3.14’s t-strings allow you to intercept and transform input values before assembling them into a final representation. Unlike f-strings, which produce a str object, t-strings resolve to a Template instance, allowing you to safely process and customize dynamic content. One of the key benefits of t-strings is their ability to help prevent security vulnerabilities like SQL injection and XSS attacks. They’re also valuable in other fields that rely on string templates, such as structured logging. By the end of […]