Vectorization in Python, as implemented by NumPy, can give you faster operations by using fast, low-level code to operate on bulk data. And Pandas builds on NumPy to provide similarly fast functionality. But vectorization isn’t a magic bullet that will solve all your problems: sometimes it will come at the cost of higher memory usage, sometimes the operation you need isn’t supported, and sometimes it’s just not relevant. For each problem, there are alternative solutions that can address the problem. […]

Templates are an essential ingredient in full-stack web development. With Jinja, you can build rich templates that power the front end of your Python web applications. But you don’t need to use a web framework to experience the capabilities of Jinja. When you want to create text files with programmatic content, Jinja can help you out. In this tutorial, you’ll learn how to: Install the Jinja template engine Create your first Jinja template Render a Jinja template in Flask Use […]

Are you interested in writing Python code on a Windows machine? Maybe you’re a lifelong Windows user getting into coding with Python, or perhaps you’re just beginning to branch out from macOS or Linux. In this tutorial, you’ll walk through an easy-to-follow and flexible Python coding setup on Windows 10. Note: Most of the steps here will work equally well on Windows 11. To set up your Windows machine for Python coding, you’ll: Clean and update a new Windows install […]

When your Celery tasks are too slow, and you want them to run faster, you usually want to find and then fix the performance bottleneck. It’s true, you can architect a solution where slow tasks don’t impact faster ones, and you may sometimes need to. But if you can manage to make all your tasks fast, that is ideal. To speed up your code, you need to identify the bottlenecks: which task is slow, and why it’s slow. In this […]

Creating dictionary-like classes may be a requirement in your Python career. Specifically, you may be interested in making custom dictionaries with modified behavior, new functionalities, or both. In Python, you can do this by inheriting from an abstract base class, by subclassing the built-in dict class directly, or by inheriting from UserDict. In this tutorial, you’ll learn how to: Create dictionary-like classes by inheriting from the built-in dict class Identify common pitfalls that can happen when inheriting from dict Build […]

Flashcards are a great tool when you want to memorize a new topic or learn a new language. You write a question on the front of the card and the answer on the back of the card. Then you can test your memory by going through the flashcards. The more often you show a card to yourself, the better your chances of memorizing its content. With Django, you can build your own flashcards app. By following this tutorial, you’ll build […]

You’ve now seen examples of all the basic use cases for NumPy’s max() and maximum(), plus a few related functions. Now you’ll investigate some of the more obscure optional parameters to these functions and find out when they can be useful. Reusing Memory When you call a function in Python, a value or object is returned. You can use that result immediately by printing it or writing it to disk, or by feeding it directly into another function as an […]