Vectors in R are supposed to be of homogeneous data type. You can use a list as the container if there are mixed data types, such as numbers and strings. The list and data frame are closely related in R. The data frame is probably more useful because it reflects how we usually collect statistics. In this post, you will learn about them. Specifically, you will know: What are lists and data frames in R How to manipulate lists and […]

R is not only a programming language but also a programming shell with read-eval-print loop (REPL). The shell is how most people use R. But when you drill deeper, knowing more about what’s working behind the scenes is handy. In this post, you will learn: How to manage variables in R How to manage packages in R Let’s get started. Surviving in the R Environment.Photo by Claudio Schwarz. Some rights reserved. Overview This post is divided into three parts; they […]

Vectors in R is the native way of handling data. In addition to the vector operations you saw in the linear algebra textbook, R supports a lot more. In this post, you will learn about: How to manipulate a vector How to treat vectors as sets Let’s get started. Operations on Vectors in RPhoto by Pablo García Saldaña. Some rights reserved. Overview This post is divided into three parts; they are: Reading and Modifying a Vector Vectors as Sets Arrays […]

R is a procedural programming language. Therefore, it has the full set of flow control syntax like many other languages. Indeed, the flow control syntax in R is similar to Java and C. In this post, you will see some examples of using the flow control syntax in R. Let’s get started. Logic, Flow Control, and Functions in RPhoto by Cris DiNoto. Some rights reserved. Overview This post is in three parts; they are: Finding Primes The Sieve of Eratosthenes […]

Visualizing data can sometimes help people understand it better. As a data analytics platform, R provided some advanced plotting functions. In this post, you will learn how to use the built-in plot functions to create some common visualization. Specifically, you will learn how to create: Line plot Scatter plot Pie charts Let’s get started. Plotting Graphs in RPhoto by Jason Coudriet. Some rights reserved. Overview This post is divided into two parts, they are: Plotting a Function Plotting a Data […]

Whether working on a machine learning project, a simulation, or other models, you need to generate random numbers in your code. R as a programming language, has several functions for random number generation. In this post, you will learn about them and see how they can be used in a larger program. Specifically, you will learn How to generate Gaussian random numbers into a vector How to generate uniform random numbers How to manipulate random vectors and random matrices Let’s […]

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One reason people would like to use RStudio for their work is because of the R Markdown. This made the RStudio not only an IDE for programming in R, but also a notepad in which they could put down their thoughts with R code and results. In this post, you will learn how to use R Markdown. Specifically, you will learn What is Markdown How to use Markdown to create a technical document in RStudio Let’s get started. A Gentle […]

When you are working on a data science project, the data is often tabular structured. You can use the built-in data table to handle such data in R. You can also use the famous library dplyr instead to benefit from its rich toolset. In this post, you will learn how dplyr can help you explore and manipulate tabular data. In particular, you will learn: How to handle a data frame How to perform some common operations on a data frame […]

One of the most popular plotting libraries in R is not the plotting function in R base, but the ggplot2 library. People use that because it is flexible. This library also works using the philosophy of “grammar of graphics”, which is not to generate a visualization upon a function call, but to define what should be in the plot, and you can refine it further before setting it into a picture. In this post, you will learn about ggplot2 and […]